We used a dataset from a 2-month-long randomized controlled trial and compared the control group with 2 training groups trained with backward or forward memory span tasks. However, whether it can be strengthened by cognitive training, especially with nonlateralized tasks, is unknown. administering alpha frequency stimulation to the left posterior cortex. The leftward asymmetry of the visual field and posterior brain regions, a feature of the normal attention process, can be strengthened by brain stimulation, e.g. Based on our current findings, backward (but not forward) span training produced a behavioral effect on attentional processes. 2019) thus, our current behavioral finding that backward training in young adults strengthened the attentional bias toward the left visual hemifield suggests that backward training improved attention, which can (at least to some degree) resolve the current debate regarding whether working memory span training can improve attention a very small portion of training to these tasks (Klingberg et al. Previous studies have established a link between leftward asymmetry and the optimal attention process (Bellgrove et al. 2022), this finding indicated that executive control may be a necessary cognitive component to train to produce a transfer effect to attention. As the backward span task involves more executive control than the forward span task (Hale et al. I also examined the possibility that the extant approaches to intervention may be approaching the problem from the wrong perspective. I examined whether the use of WM training for improving maths performance is simply misguided. However, the finding that more recent, better executed studies also found a similar lack of far transfer is troubling. Some of the older studies were beset by poor methodological designs. One of the main questions addressed in this paper was the reasons for robust findings of near but not far transfer. In addition to a brief review of relevant works, I described my own efforts and insights gained from three iterations of an intervention that produced mixed findings. This paper focused on the utility of WM training for maths performance. Although initial findings were promising, recent reviews have found that training typically resulted in WM improvement but no transfer to maths performance. With over two decades of research showing a close association between working memory (WM) and maths performance, WM training has been suggested as one way to supplement conventional remedial instructions. The results thus suggest that WM training potentially could be of clinical use for ameliorating the symptoms in ADHD. Training improved performance on tasks related to prefrontal functioning and had also a significant effect on motor activity in children with ADHD. These results demonstrate that performance on WM tasks can be significantly improved by training, and that the training effect also generalizes to nontrained tasks requiring WM. A second experiment showed that similar training-induced improvements on cognitive tasks are also possible in young adults without ADHD. In addition, motor activity-as measured by the number of head movements during a computerized test-was significantly reduced in the treatment group. More importantly, the training significantly improved performance on a nontrained visuo-spatial WM task and on Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a nonverbal complex reasoning task. Training significantly enhanced performance on the trained WM tasks. In the present study, we used a new training paradigm with intensive and adaptive training of WM tasks and evaluated the effect of training with a double blind, placebo controlled design. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represent one group of subjects with a WM deficit, attributed to an impairment of the frontal lobe. This ability underlies complex reasoning and has generally been regarded as a fixed trait of the individual. Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to retain and manipulate information during a short period of time.
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